Library

This section contains all the training materials for each module, including presentations, factsheets, and useful supplementary reading. You may access and download them freely by clicking on each resource.

Training material of Module 1

 

  • PPT Module 1, Understanding WESS in the South African context
  • Factsheet 1, Introduction to WESS
  • Factsheet 2, Suitability of WESS
  • WHO (2018). Guidelines on Sanitation and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO). PDF.
  • DWS (2018). National Water and Sanitation Master Plan. Volume 1: Call to action. Version 10.1. ready for the future. Pretoria: Department of Water and Sanitation of the Republic of South Africa (DWS). URL. 
  • DWS (2022). Green Drop Department of Public Works 2022. Green Drop Report 2022 Index. Department of Water and Sanitation of the Republic of South Africa (DWS). URL. 
  • DWS (2025). Compulsory National Water and Sanitation Service Standards. Government Gazette 6 June 2025. Department of Water and Sanitation of the Republic of South Africa (DWS). PDF.
  • DWS (2025). National Sanitation Integrated Plan. Version 5, January 2025. Pretoria: Department of Water and Sanitation of the Republic of South Africa (DWS). PDF.
  • Majeke, P. and Mamakoa, E. (2024). Building climate resilience in the sanitation value chain through innovative technologies towards circular economy. Paper presented for the IWA 17th SWWS and 9th 10th to 14th November, (2024). Curitiba, Brazil. URL.
  • Van der Merwe-Botha, M. and Quilling, G. (2024). Development of regulations to entrench water efficient sanitation solutions in bulk services. A report to the Water Research Commission by Water Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd.  WRC Report No 3173/1/24. Pretoria: Water Research Commission.  PDF.

Training material of Module 2

 

  • PPT1 Module 2, Intro and water requirements
  • Excel 2.1, Water Requirement Calculation Template
  • PPT2 Module 2, Wastewater treatment processes
  • PPT3, Module 2, Institutional arrangement
  • PPT4 Module 2, Community engagements methods
  • PPT5 Module 2, Clear technology introduction, Enviroloo
  • PPT6 Module 2, NewGen technology introduction, WEC
  • PPT7 Module 2, Aquonic technology introduction, Prana
  • Handout of the PPT3, Institutional Arrangements
  • Factsheet 2.1, Introduction to Wastewater treatment in WESS
  • Factsheet 2.2, Recommendations for Community Engagement in WESS projects
  • Technical Factsheet, Aquonic by Prana
  • Technical Factsheet, Clear by Enviroloo
  • Technical Factsheet, NewGen by WEC
  • DWS (2017). A Review of Water Quality Management Institutional Arrangements for South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). This report reviews the institutional arrangements for water quality management in South Africa, highlighting governance challenges and opportunities. URL.
  • IWMI (2024). Integrating Water and Sanitation Community Forums into Municipal Planning and Program Implementation in South Africa. CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). This guideline outlines lessons learned at community and municipal levels on integrating Water and Sanitation Community Forums (WSCFs) into municipal planning and program implementation. URL. 
  • Lagardien, A., Cousins, D., Sabela-Rikhotso, P. and Ngaye. N. (2013). Applicability of Community-Led Total Sanitation in South Africa. Pretoria: WRC (Water Research Commission). This report assesses the applicability of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approaches in South Africa, considering the country’s unique socio-economic and cultural contexts. URL. 
  • Mudombi, S. (2021). Water and Sanitation Sustainability in South Africa: Past, Present, and Future. Trade & Industrial Policy Strategies (TIPS). This policy paper reviews the status quo in the water and sanitation sector in South Africa, providing a barometer of the country’s transition to sustainable development. URL.
  • Madabahanye, K., Dalu, M. T. B., Munyai L. F., Dondofema, F. and Dalu, T. (2024). Institutional Arrangements and Roles within Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Vhembe District, South Africa. Sustainability Journal. This study investigates the institutional arrangements, operational challenges, and environmental concerns that water and wastewater treatment plants face in the Vhembe District Municipality. URL.
  • Southerland, C. (2023). Social Acceptability of Sanitation Systems: Understanding the Role of Users. Science Direct, Elsevier. This paper outlines a framework to assess user acceptance of new sanitation systems, highlighting participation, hygiene perceptions, trust in actors, and maintenance roles as critical factors. URL.
  • Sutherland, C., Reynaert, E., Dhlamini, S., Magwaza, F. Lienert, J., Riechmann, S., Buthelezi, Khumalo, D., Morgenroth, E., Udert, K., and Sindall, R. (2020). Socio-technical Analysis of a Sanitation Innovation in a Peri-urban Household in Durban, South Africa. Science of the Total Environment (via UKZN, Eawag, ETH Zurich, Fraunhofer). It presents a detailed case study of the Blue Diversion Autarky Toilet tested in a Durban household, integrating technical monitoring with ethnographic methods to assess how users understand and adapt to waterless and resource-recovery-based sanitation.  URL.

Training material of Module 3

 

  • PPT Module 3, Costing, Financing and Resource Mobilization
  • Excel M3.1, Cost estimation and Life-cost assessment Aquonic
  • Excel M3.1, Cost estimation and Life-cost assessment Enviro Loo
  • Excel M3.1, Cost estimation and Life-cost assessment NewGen
  • Excel M3.2, Preliminary cost-benefit analysis
  • PPT WPO 2025, Increasing Private Sector Participation in Water Services
  • DPLG (2004). The Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) 2004-2007 From programme to projects to sustainable services. Department of Provincial and Local Government (DPLG). A booklet providing a user-friendly overview of the MIG and highlighting some important issues from a municipal perspective. URL.
  • Hutton G. (2012). Global costs and benefits of drinking-water supply and sanitation interventions to reach the MDG target and universal coverage. Geneve: World Health Organization (WHO). This report updates previous economic analyses conducted by the WHO, using new water supply and sanitation coverage rates, costs of services, income levels and health indicators. URL. 
  • Redhouse, D, Roberts, P, Tukai, R. (2004). Every one’s a winner? Economic valuation of water projects. London: WaterAid. A discussion paper on methodologies for valuing the benefits of better access to safe water and sanitation. URL. 
  • Trémolet, S. (2017). Institutional and financial options for sanitation service delivery. Video by The World Bank presenting how sanitation services are organized and how they can be financed. URL.
  • WRC (2017). Exploring opportunities for local investment in water and sanitation services. Technical Brief – March 2018. Water Research Commission (WRC). A study sought to unpack the barriers and constraints of private sector investment flows to water services in South Africa. URL. Full report can be found here: PDF.

Training material of Module 4

 

  • PPT Module 4, Integration into Municipal Frameworks
  • Exercise 1, Procurement Model Evaluation
  • Factsheet 1 Module 4, Definition of Procurement Models
  • Factsheet 2 Module 4, Topics for barriers and enablers
  • Factsheet 3 Module 4, Barriers and enablers
  • Factsheet 4 Module 4, Definition of the 3 As
  • Factsheet 5 Module 4, Venn Plot Example
  • Arumungam, P., Sutcliffe, M., Bannister, S., McGahey, A., Banoo, I., Gounden, T. and Bhagwan, J. (2025). Enabling the adoption of water-efficient sanitation solutions in South Africa by proposing a model set of sanitation services bylaws: The content. Pretoria: Water Research Commission (WRC).  PDF.
  • DWAF (2005). Model By-laws Pack: Model Credit Control and Debt Collection By-laws Model Water Services By-laws. Pretoria: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). Available at: URL.
  • DWS (2016). National Sanitation Policy 2016. Pretoria: Department of Water and Sanitation of the Republic of South Africa (DWS). PDF. 
  • DWS (2023a). National Faecal Sludge Management Strategy 2023. Pretoria: Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). PDF. 
  • DWS (2023b). National Water Resource Strategy: Third Edition (NWRS-3). Pretoria: Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). PDF.
  • DWS (2025). Revised Compulsory National WSS Standards. Government Gazette No. 52814. Pretoria: Government Printer. PDF.
  • PRG-UKZN (2020). ISO-30500-Participant-training-booklet. Pollution Research Group (PRG) – University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). Pretoria: Water Research Commission (WRC). PDF.
  • Van der Merwe-Botha, M. and Quilling, G. (2024). Development of regulations to entrench water efficient sanitation solutions in bulk services. A report to the Water Research Commission by Water Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd.  WRC Report No 3173/1/24. Pretoria: Water Research Commission (WRC).  PDF.

Training material of Module 5

This series of trainings is a collaborative effort of the:

This training was prepared for the Gates Foundation. The findings and conclusions contained within are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of the Gates Foundation.